A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN VERTIGO.

Corresponding Author:
Siddharth Panditray,
Postgraduate Resident,
Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery,
VIMSAR, Burla-768017, Odisha.
E-mail: siddoc786@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Vertigo is a common medical condition, affecting around 1.8% of young adults to more than 30% in the elderly. Metabolic disorders commonly related to labyrinthine dysfunctions are glucose metabolism changes (diabetes, reactive hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia), thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism disorders.

The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence and association of metabolic disorders in vertigo cases to control under study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A case controlled study was done on patients presenting in ENT OPD, VIMSAR, Burla, with complaints of vertigo. 110 patients were chosen for the study between September 2015 and August 2017 and compared to age and gender matched controls (110). All patients and controls had the following blood investigations done: Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test at 2 hrs. (OGTT2), thyroid profile (Free T3, Free T4, TSH) and Lipid Profile (Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)). The metabolic disorders found were also compared to the ones found in the general population. The results were tabulated on excel sheets and statistical comparison and analysis was done with SPSS Version 16.0. Mann-Whitney U Test and chi-square test was applied for comparison. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

The no. of vertigo patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus were higher⁽¹⁾ in patients than controls.⁽²⁾ Cases had more prevalence of thyroid disorders⁽³⁾ than controls.⁽⁴⁾ The incidence of abnormal lipid profile was higher in cases (35 cases with impaired TG, 27 cases with impaired LDL) than controls (17 each with impaired TG and LDL). The difference was significant in majority of parameters (FBS- p < 0.015; OGTT2- p < 0.316; T3- p < 0.000; T4- p < 0.002; TSH- p < 0.000; TG- p < 0.003; LDL- p < 0.814). The difference of diabetics and impaired glucose status in between cases of vertigo and controls are not statistically significant (p=0.770, ꭓ=0.086, chi-square test). The difference is highly significant in between cases and controls of thyroid disorder (p=0.002, ꭓ= 14.66) and lipid disorder (p= 0.000, ꭓ= 12.53, chi-square test).

CONCLUSION

Metabolic impairments in vertigo are substantial and hence cannot be ignored in management. FBS, TSH, T3, T4, TG and LDL values of cases were impaired more than controls and the difference was statistically significant for FBS, TSH, T3, T4, TSH and TG. Cases in our study had significantly higher prevalence of thyroid and lipid disorders than controls. This study could be applied in management of patients with chronic vertigo by dietary therapy or hormone replacement.

KEYWORDS

Vertigo, Metabolic Disorders, Diabetic Vestibulopathy, Hypothyroid Vestibulopathy, Lipid Disorders in Vestibulopathy.