A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN VERTIGO.

Van Gaal LF, Nobels FR, Rillaerts EG, et al. Hypertension in obese and non-obese non-insulin-dependent diabetics a matter of regional adiposity? Diab Metab 1988;14(3):289-93.                      

Rask-Madsen C, King GL. Mechanisms of disease: endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance and diabetes. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2007;3(1):46-56.            

Maru YK, Jain N. Lipid profile studies in inner ear dysfunction. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;46(1):17-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0305007.             

Friedrich G, Pilger E. Lipoproteins in cochleovestibular disorders. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1981;232(2):101-5.                  

Sloane PD, Coeytaux RR, Beck RS, et al. Dizziness: state of the science. Ann Intern Med 2001;134(9 Pt 2):823-32.            

Sanchez TG, Medeiros IRT, Coelho FF, et al. Frequência de alterações da glicose, lipídeos e hormônios tireoideanos em pacientes com zumbido. Arq Otorrinolaringol 2001;5(1):6-10.

Doroszewska G, Kazmierczak H. Hyperinsulinemia in vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss. Otolaryngol Pol 2002;56(1):57-62.       

Lisowska G, Namyslowski G, Morawski K, et al. Early identification of hearing impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Otol Neurotol 2001;22(3):316-20.                    

Modugno GC, Pirodda A, Ferri GG, et al. A relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? Med Hypotheses 2000;54(4):614-5.  

Bittar RSM, Sanchez TG, Santoro PP, et al. O metabolismo da glicose e o ouvido interno. Arq Otorrinolaringol 1998;2(1):39-44.

Saito T, Sato K, Saito H. An experimental study of auditory dysfunction associated with hyperlipoproteinemia. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1986;243(4):242-5.        

Koide Y, Tajima S, Yoshida M, et al. Biochemical changes in the inner ear induced by insulin, in relation to the cochlear micro­phonics. Ann Otol Rhin Laryngol 1960;69:1083-97.                        

Thalmann R, Miyoshi T, Thalmann I. The influence of ischemia upon the energy reserves of inner ear tissues. The Laryngoscope 1972;82(12):2249-72.                         

Degerman E, Rauch U, Lindberg S, et al. Expression of insulin signalling components in the sensory epithelium of the human saccule. Cell Tissue Res 2013;352(3):469-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-013-1614-x             

Yamamoto N, Nakagawa T, Ito J. Application of insulin-like growth factor-1 in the treatment of inner ear disorders. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2014;5:208.  

Bittar RSM, Santos MA, Mezzalira R. Glucose metabolism disorders and vestibular manifestations: evaluation through computerized dynamic posturography. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2016;82(4):372-6.                         

Lin ZM, Young YH. Investigating the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2005;262(5):432-6.        

Oiticica J, Bittar RSM. Metabolic disorders in sudden deafness. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010;65(11):1149-53.     

Jones NS, Davis A. A retrospective case-controlled study of 1,490 consecutive patients presenting to a neuro-otology clinic to examine the relationship between blood lipid levels and sensorineural hearing loss. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2000;25(6):511-7.     

Kim DH, Park SK, Kim KM, et al. Association between hearing loss and dyslipidemia prevalence and treatment in adults in Korea: the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010? 2012. Korean J Fam Pract 2016;6(4):235-41. 

Odeh OI, Kuti MA, Fasunla AJ, et al. Sensorineural hearing loss and dyslipidemia: Is there any relationship? West African Journal of Medicine 2015;34(1):27-31.                  

Olefsky JM, Farquhar JW, Reaven GM. Reappraisal of the role of insulin in hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Med 1974;57(4):551-60.                  

Evans MB, Tonini R, Shope CD, et al. Dyslipidemia and auditory function. Otol 2006;27(5):609-14.                 

M-Shirazi M, Farhadi M, Jalessi M, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among Iranian patients with idiopathic tinnitus. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences  2011;16(7):890-6.               

Schultz AR, Neves-Souza RD, Costa Vde S, et al. Is there a possible association between dietary habits and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly? The importance of diet and counseling. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015;19(4):293-7.     

Bhatia PL, Gupta OP, Agrawal MK, et al. Audiological and vestibular function tests in hypothyroidism. Laryngoscope 1977;87(12):2082-9.        

Weber T, Zimmermann U, Winter H, et al. Thyroid hormone is a critical determinant for the regulation of the cochlear motor protein prestin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U. S. A. 2002;99(5):2901-6. www.pnas.org.               

Dettling J, Franz C, Zimmermann U, et al. Autonomous functions of murine thyroid hormone receptor TRα and TRβ in cochlear hair cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014;382(1):26-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.02                     

Murgod R, Soans G. Changes in electrolyte and lipid profile in hypothyroidism. Life Science Bio Chemistry 2012;2(3):185-94.                    

Arnaout MA, Awidi AS, El-Najdawi AM, et al. Arginine-vasopressin and endothelium-associated proteins in thyroid disease. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1992;126(5):399-403.             

https://www.idf.org/our-network/regions-members/south-east-asia/.../94-india.html.

                Bagcchi S. Hypothyroidism in India: more to be done. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2014;2(10): p. 778.         

Ayala AR, Danese MD, Ladenson PW. When to treat mild hypothyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2000;29(2):399-415.        

Gupta R, Rao RS, Misra A, et al. Recent trends in epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India. Indian Heart J 2017;69(3):382-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2017.02.020                               

Angeli RD, Lavinski L, Dolganov A. Alterations in cochlear function during induced acute hiperinsulinemia in animal model. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2009;75(5):760-4.                     

Bittar RSM, Bottino MA, Simoceli L, et al. Vestibular impairment secondary to glucose metabolic disorders: reality or myth? Rev Braz Otorhinolaryngol 2004;70(6):800-5.                

Nishiike S, Takeda N, Kubo T, et al. Noradrenergic pathways involved in the development of vertigo and dizziness--a review. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2001;545:61-4.                    

Hosch H, Ottaviani F. Otoacustic emissions in diabetic patients with normal hearing. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 2000;Suppl 125:S83-S5.        

Lisowska G, Namyslowski G, Morawski K, et al. Cochlear dysfunction and diabetic microangiopathy. Scand Audiol Suppl 2001;(52):199-203.                 

Fukuda Y. Glicemia, insulinemia e patologia da orelha interna. São Paulo 1982. (Tese de Doutorado, Escola Paulista de Medicina).

Albernaz MPL, Fukuda Y. Glucose, insulin and inner ear pathology. Acta Otolaryngol 1984;97(5-6):496-501.                           

Lehrer JF, Poole DC, Seaman M, et al. Identification and treatment of metabolic abnormalities in patients with vertigo. Arch Intern Med 1986;146(8):1497-500.

Charles DA, Barber HO, Hope-Gill HF. Blood glucose and insulin levels, thyroid function and serology in Ménière's disease, recurrent vestibulopathy and psychogenic vertigo. J Otolaryngology 1979;8(4):347-53.               

Kaźmierczak H, Doroszewska G. Metabolic disorders in vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss. The International Tinnitus Journal 2001;7(1):54-8.         

Mangabeira-Albernaz, Luiz P, et al. Vestibular disorders caused by defective enzyme mechanisms in the small intestine. Acta Oto-laryngologica 1985;99.3-4:330-5.

Braverman LE, Utiger RD. The Thyroid. Chap 62. A fundamental and clinical text. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers 1996.

Savage DB, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Physiol Rev 2007;87(2):507-20.

Gratton MA, Wright CG. Alterations of inner ear morphology in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Hearing Research 1992;61(1-2):97-105.  

Zielinska-Blizniewska H, Urbaniak J, Jałocha-Kaczka A, et al. Lipid disorders in patients with vertigo. Aktualnosci Neurologiczne 2012;12(3):143-8.

Santos MD, Bittar RS. Vertigo and metabolic disorders. International Tinnitus Journal 2012;17(1):16-20.              

Brenner M, Hoistad DL, Hain TC. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with Ménière’s disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130(2):226-8.             

Bradley DJ, Towle HC, Young WS. Alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene expression during auditory neurogenesis: evidence for TR isoform-specific transcriptional regulation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91(2):439-43.       

Meza G, Acuna D, Escobar C. Development of vestibular and auditory function: effects of hypothyroidism and thyroxin replacement therapy on nystagmus and auditory evoked potentials in the pigmented rat. Int J Dev Neurosci 1996;14(4):515-22.       

Santosh UP, Rao MS. Incidence of Hypothyroidism in Meniere’s disease. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2016;10(5):MC01-3.