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Year : 2020 Month : June Volume : 9 Issue : 26 Page : 1899-1902

Evaluation of Selection of Various Treatment Modalities Chosen by Subjects for Replacing Single Missing Tooth - A Questionnaire Survey in Western Maharashtra Population.

Amit Bajirao Jadhav1, Pronob Kumar Sanyal2, Priyanka Bharat Thorat3, Karuna Gajanan Pawashe4

1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medial Sciences, Deemed to Be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India. 2Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medial Sciences, Deemed to Be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India. 3Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medial Sciences, Deemed to Be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India. 4Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medial Sciences, Deemed to Be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

Dr. Amit Bajirao Jadhav,
Email : mit27986@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Corresponding Author:
Dr. Amit Bajirao Jadhav,
10/10, Anupam, Lahoti Houses,
Mangalwar Peth, Karad-415110,
Distract-Satara, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: amit27986@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

This survey was done to evaluate awareness of various treatment modalities for replacing single missing tooth among the people of western Maharashtra. We wanted to assess gender wise awareness of patients regarding fixed dental prosthesis as a treatment modality for replacement of missing tooth.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was done on 150 subjects visiting the dental college using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre-tested through a pilot survey. Data was evaluated using version 16.0 of the SPSS. Chi Square test and ANOVA were used as test of significance at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Out of 150 subjects, 87 were males and 63 females. Around 64% of the subjects wanted to replace missing tooth due to difficulty in masticatory function; yet 14% knew the importance of aesthetic and speech as well. All subjects preferred fixed prosthesis for replacement of missing tooth, but higher cost of the procedure and fear of surgical trauma were the main factors for not undergoing implant treatment. Dental professionals were the main source of information about different treatment procedures followed by media.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a strong level of awareness among the subjects about the fixed treatment procedure, but more than half of the subjects did not have knowledge about the implants. It also revealed the need to provide the subjects with more knowledge about this treatment modality. Dental awareness is therefore necessary in order to cultivate a positive attitude towards dental implants amongst the community.

KEY WORDS

Dental Awareness, Fixed Dental Prosthesis, Single Missing Tooth

BACKGROUND

We live in a social environment, and the way we look affects our relationships with others. Face and smile play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining positive attitudes about one's self and have immense emotional significance.1

Teeth play a vital role in maintaining a strong perception of oneself.2 The loss of one or more natural teeth often results in disability of essential daily living activities, such as speaking and eating are impaired, and also in being psychologically handicapped, as decreased social interaction because of embarrassment associated with loss.

Many treatment modalities are available for replacing a single missing tooth that includes removable partial denture, fixed partial denture or dental implant. Each modality is a possible treatment option and has its own advantage and disadvantage. The treatment of edentulism with removable prosthesis is less accepted than fixed partial denture and dental implant due to anatomical, physiological, psychological factors as well as prosthodontic factors like impaired masticatory function due to inadequate retention and stability, especially in the mandibular arch.3

The main role of prosthodontics is the rehabilitation of subjects with loss of teeth and oral function. Nonetheless, typically there are no established guidelines on how to measure the need, demand or use of prosthodontic resources in most cases.4 In certain cases, where more than one treatment choice is available, the final alternative depends on the decision/financial status of the patient, or is affected by the gender, age, public awareness and knowledge of the patient. Therefore, it is important to take into account the needs and demands of the patient to decide the form of care that ensures the fulfilment of the patient with the dental service.5

Despite the common concern with patient satisfaction in health care literature, there has been no consistent description of the principle or systematic analysis of its determinants and implications. There are actually many options available to address the problem of restoring a single tooth. In order to select the most appropriate treatment choice for each patient, each case should be assessed and all available options be reviewed.6 Awareness of these treatment modalities among the people, especially in developing countries is very less.7 Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess gender wise the awareness of patient regarding fixed dental prosthesis as a treatment modality for replacement of missing tooth and provide complete information about fixed treatment therapies in order to help them choose the most appropriate option.

 METHODS

A cross sectional study was conducted over a period of six months to gain access to the level of fixed dental prosthesis awareness among subjects coming to the dental college. Prior to the start of the survey, ethical permission was obtained from the Institute's Ethical Committee and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. A sample of 180 subjects for this cross-sectional study was finalized based on total number of patients visiting the department of prosthodontics for the replacement of single missing tooth.

All the subjects coming to dental college who were willing to give informed consent and above 20 years of age were included. So out of 180, only 150 (87 males & 63 females) agreed to participate in the survey and rest were excluded as they were not willing to give consent. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to know information, included questions on awareness of subjects regarding various treatment modalities, preference for treatment modality, reason for the selection of treatment, preference for the superstructure & sources which help subjects to know about treatment modalities etc.

For data analysis, a score of '1' was given to each positive response and a score of '0' was allocated to each negative response. Individual scores were summed up to give the total score. The Statistical software namely SPSS version 16.0 was used for the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and frequency distribution were calculated by using Chi-square test and ANOVA test at p<0.05.

 RESULTS

The survey showed that around 64% (96) subjects wanted to replace missing tooth due to difficulty in masticatory function. 22% (33) subjects selected aesthetics and 14% (21) selected all i.e., aesthetic, function & speech. Chi square (0.02) and ANOVA (P= 0.86) tests showed that preference of reason for replacing missing tooth among male and female subjects is similar i.e. Masticatory function. (Graph 1).

When it was asked regarding the awareness of different treatment modalities, 84% (126) subjects showed awareness for both removable & fixed prosthesis, 14% (21) showed awareness for fixed prosthesis & 2% (3) subjects showed awareness only for removable prosthesis. Chi square (4.27) and ANOVA (p=0.12) tests showed equal awareness among male and female subjects of different treatment modality for both removable and fixed prosthesis. All subjects preferred fixed prosthesis as treatment modality for replacement of missing tooth.

Out of 150 subjects, 86% (129) preferred fixed bridge prosthesis and 14% (21) preferred implant for replacement of missing tooth. Of these 129 subjects who selected bridge for treatment, 60% (78) were male and 40% (51) were females. Of 21 Subjects who selected implant, 43% (9) were male and 57% (12) were females. Chi square (2.29) and ANOVA (P= 0.13) tests showed that male and female subjects give more preference to bridge than implant. (Graph 2).

Out of 129 subjects who selected bridge for replacement of tooth- On asking about reasons for not selecting implant and preferring bridge; maximum i.e. 58% (75) of the subjects did not opt for it due to its higher cost, majority of them were males 42% (54). 26% were having fear of surgical trauma during implant insertion, majority of them were females 19%. Some mentioned that it is time consuming (7%) and around 9% did not want to go for complicated procedure. (Table 1) Out of 21 subjects who selected implant for replacement of tooth- 57% (12) subjects selected implant because they believed that it has longer life as compared to bridge. 29% (6) selected implant due to conservation of adjacent tooth structure and only 14% (3) subjects selected as they are aesthetically better.

Out of 150, 56% (84) subjects preferred PFM (porcelain fused to metal) prosthesis for the fabrication of superstructure. 24% (36) preferred metal prosthesis and 20% (30) preferred all ceramic prosthesis. Chi square (5.35) and ANOVA (P= 0.06) showed similar preference from male and female subjects for fabrication of superstructure i.e. PFM prosthesis. PFM & All ceramic prosthesis were preferred for aesthetic reason in case of missing anterior tooth (74%). 26% subjects preferred metal prosthesis for fabrication of superstructure due to high cost of ceramic materials and missing posterior tooth. Chi square test (2.73) and ANOVA                (p= 0.09). According to the sources of obtaining information regarding treatment modalities, dental professionals were the main source of information (64%) followed by media (16%) like newspaper, TV etc, friends (12%) and family members (8%). Chi square test (6.84) and ANOVA (P= 0.07) showed no significant difference between male and female subjects as more preference for source of information is given to Dentists. (Graph 3)

Graph 1. Reason for Replacing Missing Tooth


 

Fear of Surgical

Trauma

Complicated

Treatment

High cost

Time

Consuming

Chi-Square

Test (X2)

ANOVA

Test

(p)

Male

9(27.27%)

9(75%)

54(72%)

6(66.66%)

20.59

0.01

(Significant)

Female

24(72.72%)

3(25%)

21(28%)

3(33.33%)

Total

33(26%)

12(9%)

75(58%)

9(7%)

Table 1. Reason for not Selecting Implant

for Replacement of Missing Tooth

 

Graph 2. Preference for the Type of Fixed Prosthesis

 

Graph 3. Different Sources Which Help People

to Know about Treatment Modalities

 

 

Longer Lasting Prosthesis

Conservative Treatment

Aesthetically

Better

Chi-

Square

Test (X2)

ANOVA

Test

(p)

Male

9(75%)

0

0

11.81

0.002

(Significant)

Female

3(25%)

6(100%)

3(100%)

Total

12(57%)

6(29%)

3(14%)

Table 2. Reason for Selection of Implant

 

DISCUSSION

In India, epidemiological data on subjects’ perceptions towards dental replacement are sparse.1 As a result, an attempt was made to determine the attitude towards the replacement of single missing tooth among subjects reporting to Dental College. Most of the subjects belonged to less than 40 years’ age group. There were fewer subjects in the forty-one to fifty-five years’ age groups because these subjects give a lower priority to dental health. Lack of knowledge and myths about the value of dental treatments have been recognized as contributing to this apparent lack of interest in dental care among these subjects.8

On asking about reason for missing tooth, subjects answered depending upon the type of tooth missing. Subjects who had missing molars gave masticatory function, the first priority. Subjects selected aesthetics to be of prime importance as it affected their appearance and their interaction with others. Most of them had missing premolars. Subjects who had missing incisors selected all; aesthetic, function and speech as their appearance, incising function and speech got affected.

On asking Reasons for not selecting implant for replacement of missing tooth higher frequency of population chose FPD due to high cost of implants, followed by fear of surgical trauma. Some people have different priorities like it is time consuming and complicated procedure. Similar results are obtained in the majority of preceding studies such as Kent et al. (1992),9 Zimmer et al. (1992),10 Tepper et al. (2003),11 Johani SA et al. (2010),12 Kaurani P et al. (2010).13 Chi-square (20.59) and ANOVA test (P= 0.01) showed a significant difference according to gender as males gave preference to high cost of implants and females gave preference to fear of surgical trauma for not selecting implant (Table 1).

Similarly, regarding reason for implant selection showed significant difference as males selected implant because it is longer lasting prosthesis and females selected implant because of its conservative approach and aesthetic property. This survey noticed that 76% subjects selected Porcelain prosthesis because of its aesthetic reason and 24% selected Metal prosthesis due to higher costs of ceramic Prosthesis. (Table 2).

The survey also found that only 14 % of subjects had selected implants. The findings however were smaller than those of Zimmer et al (1992)8, Berge (2000)14 and Tepper et al (2003),9 which revealed an awareness level of 77%, 70.1% and 72% respectively. This may be attributed to a weak socio-economic status and a poor level of education among the study population. Whereas Chowdhary R et al. reported lower performance among the Indian population in 2010.15

Regarding the source of information our results were similar to study done by Johany SAet al (2010),10 which also stated that most of the people get aware about implants by the dental professionals. Media played the second most important role in source of information followed by friends and family. All the same, studies by Zimmer et al. (1992),8 Berge (2000),12 Best (1993),16 Showed that media was found to be the main source of information and dentists at best performed a secondary role. Akagawa et al. (1988)17 found that the information provided by dentists was not more than 20 percent.

 CONCLUSIONS

Educational status and awareness different treatment procedures to replace single missing tooth have a major impact on the choice of treatment. Patient’s awareness about replacement of missing tooth is more than average but, knowledge and attitude towards implants as an option for replacing missing tooth is below average. High cost of the implant is one of the major factors against the willingness of subjects to undergo this treatment. Subjects’ perceptions towards replacement of tooth should be measured in order to inform the individual appropriately and to improve patient satisfaction with regard to prostheses.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My sincere thanks to Dept. of Prosthodontics & Crown and Bridge. I am also grateful to Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University for permitting me to conduct this study.

 

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